This course explores the following topics: borders, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities. Scarcity of water and desiccation of land, loss of food security, unemployment, and poverty, A depiction of nationalism, patriotism and religion and the interaction between them along with the search for legitimacy, Other issues include the hindrance of democracy, the absence of the dominance of law and order, the resort to violence, illiteracy, lack of skills, foreign occupation of some Arab countries ( Palestine- Iraq ) ,Refugees , the weakness in scientific research and the recession in the role of the Arabic language .